Ear infections are common, particularly in children. They often clear up on their own within three days without needing medical treatment.
Symptoms of an ear infection can appear suddenly and may include:
Ear pain (earache)
A high temperature (fever)
Difficulty hearing
Fluid or discharge coming from the ear
A feeling of pressure or fullness in the ear
Itching or irritation in and around the ear
Dry, flaky skin around the ear
Young children and babies may also:
Pull or rub their ears
Not respond to certain sounds
Seem irritable or restless
Eat less than usual
Struggle with balance
Most ear infections improve within three days, though some symptoms may last up to a week. If you or your child have a fever or feel unwell, rest at home and avoid close contact with others until you feel better.
Types of Ear Infections
Ear infections can occur in different parts of the ear:
Outer ear (otitis externa)
Middle ear (otitis media)
Inner ear (otitis interna)
Self-Care for an Ear Infection
To help ease pain and discomfort, you can:
✔ Take painkillers such as paracetamol or ibuprofen (do not give aspirin to children under 16).
✔ Gently wipe away any discharge with cotton wool.
✔ Avoid inserting anything into the ear, including cotton buds or fingers.
✔ Keep water and shampoo out of the ear.
✔ Refrain from swimming until the infection has cleared.
✔ Avoid using decongestants or antihistamines, as they are not proven to help with ear infections.
How a Pharmacist Can Help:
A pharmacist can assess symptoms and provide advice on managing an ear infection. They can offer:
Pain relief options such as paracetamol and ibuprofen
Eardrops to relieve discomfort or help with wax build-up
Guidance on caring for the ear and preventing further infections
In some cases, a pharmacist can prescribe antibiotics if they assess that you or your child meet the criteria for treatment.
When to Seek Further Medical Advice:
If symptoms persist or worsen, seek further medical help. You should see a healthcare professional if:
The earache has not improved after three days.
There is significant swelling around the ear.
Fluid is leaking from the ear.
Hearing is suddenly affected or lost.
You or your child have severe dizziness, vomiting, or a high fever.
A child under 2 has earache in both ears.
You have an underlying condition such as diabetes or a weakened immune system.
A pharmacist can assess whether you need antibiotics or if you require further medical attention.
Preventing Ear Infections
You cannot always prevent ear infections, but these steps may help reduce the risk:
✔ Ensure your child receives all routine vaccinations.
✔ Avoid exposing children to cigarette smoke.
✔ Reduce dummy use after six months of age.
✔ Refrain from inserting fingers or cotton buds into the ears.
✔ Wear earplugs or a swimming cap while swimming.
✔ Keep water and shampoo out of the ears when showering or bathing—using cotton wool coated in petroleum jelly can help.
✔ Manage any underlying ear-related conditions, such as eczema or allergies to hearing aids.
